Soybean meal particle size for pigs during the nursery phase / Tamanho da partícula do farelo de soja em suínos no período de creche

This study evaluated the effect of soybean meal (SBM) particle size on nutrient digestibility and the growth performance of nursery piglets. Sixty-three piglets (BW = 6.86 kg ± 0.56; 23 d of age) were distributed in a randomized block design (by initial weight and sex) with 3 dietary treatments: diets with 1,017 µm (unground); 585 µm; and 411µm SBM, with 7 replicates of 3 piglets each. All diets were offered ad libitum in mash form, formulated differently according to three growing phases: (1) with 20% of SBM, from 23 to 32 d of age; (2) with 25% of SBM, from 32 to 44 d of age, and (3) with 30% of SBM, from 44 to 63 d of age. For the first 21 d, pigs fed diets with a medium particle size of SBM (585mm) had better average weight gain and feed/gain ratio (P<0.05). The average feed intake, average body weight gain, and feed/gain ratio from 44 to 63 d improved (P<0.05) with increasing SBM particle sizes, and the average live weight for the overall period increased with coarser SBM (P<0.05). There was a marginally improvement (P < 0.1) on digestible energy as particle size of SBM decreased; although, no differences (P > 0.05) in the coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein for the assessed SBM particle sizes were observed. It was concluded that the grinding of dietary SBM is not required for piglets during the nursery phase.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho da partícula do farelo de soja (FS) sobre o desempenho e digestibilidade de leitões no período de creche. 63 leitões (6,86 kg ± 0,56; 23 dias de idade) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento de blocos casualizados (peso inicial e sexo) entre os tratamentos. As dietas experimentais foram produzidas a partir de diferentes tamanhos médios de partículas do FS moídos ou não: 1,017 µm (sem moer), 585 µm (moído em peneira de 10 mm), e 411µm (moído em peneira de 3 mm), totalizando três tratamentos com sete repetições de três animais cada. Todas as dietas foram fornecidas na forma farelada e ad libitum, sendo divididas em três fases: 1) com 20% de FS, dos 23 a 32 dias de idade; 2) com 25% de FS, dos 32 a 44 dias de idade; e 3) com 30% de FS, dos 44 a 62 dias de idade. Nos primeiros 21 dias de experimento, os animais consumindo a dieta com o tamanho médio (585 µm) das partículas do FS apresentaram melhores resultados para o ganho de peso médio e conversão alimentar. No período seguinte (44 a 63 d), houve (P<0.05) aumento do consumo de ração médio, do ganho do peso médio e melhor conversão alimentar dos leitões conforme o aumento do tamanho da partícula de FS incluída na ração. Consequentemente, ao final do experimento houve melhora linear do peso vivo médio dos animais com o aumento do tamanho do FS consumido. Foi observado melhora marginalmente significativa (P < 0.1) da energia digestível conforme a redução no tamanho do FS, entretanto, não houve diferença (P > 0.05) no coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta dos animais entre os diferentes tamanhos do FS. Em conclusão, de acordo com as condições deste estudo, não se faz necessária a moagem do farelo de soja para leitões no período de creche.

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aß) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 µL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos betaamiloides (Aß) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

Supplementation of lamb ewes with different protein sources in deferred marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) pasture / [Suplementação de matrizes ovinas com diferentes fontes de proteína em pasto diferido de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu)]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protein sources on the performance of lamb ewes and their offspring supplemented in deferred pasture. The treatments were the different protein sources: soybean meal, cotton cake, babassu cake and coconut cake. The ewes were weighed and evaluated for their body condition score during the gestation, parturition and weaning phases. The lambs were weighed at birth and at weaning. The structural variables and chemical composition of the pasture were evaluated during the usage period. Grass height and forage mass were higher when the ewes were in the gestation and weaning stages. The leaf mass was not altered during the pasture usage with a mean value of 566.1kg ha-1 DM. The highest levels of crude protein in the leaf blade were observed during the parturition and weaning phases. The body weight of the ewes did not differ between the sources with averages 45.0, 39.9 and 36.6kg for the gestation, parturition and weaning phases, respectively. Weights at birth and at weaning had an effect from protein sources, with the highest values observed in the lambs of ewes who received soybean meal and babassu cake supplementation. The lambs of ewes supplemented with soybean had higher average daily gain and total gain. Babassu, coconut and cotton cakes can replace soybean meal in supplementation of ewes in deferred pasture.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de proteína no desempenho de ovelhas e suas crias suplementadas em pastagem diferida. Os tratamentos foram as diferentes fontes proteicas: farelo de soja, tortas de algodão, babaçu e coco. As ovelhas foram pesadas e avaliadas quanto ao escore de condição corporal durante as fases de gestação, parição e desmame. Os cordeiros foram pesados no nascimento e no desmame. As variáveis estruturais e a composição química do pasto foram avaliadas durante o período de uso. A altura do dossel e a massa de forragem foram maiores quando as ovelhas estavam nas fases de gestação e desmame. A massa foliar não foi alterada durante o uso do pasto, com um valor médio de 566,1kg ha-1 MS. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta na lâmina foliar foram observados durante as fases de parto e desmame. O peso corporal das ovelhas não diferiu entre as fontes proteicas, com médias de 45,0, 39,9 e 36,6kg para as fases de gestação, parto e desmame, respectivamente. Os pesos ao nascimento e ao desmame tiveram efeito das fontes proteicas, com os maiores valores observados nos cordeiros de ovelhas que receberam suplementação com farelo de soja e torta de babaçu. Os cordeiros suplementados com soja apresentaram maior ganho médio diário e ganho total. As tortas de babaçu, coco e algodão podem substituir o farelo de soja na suplementação de ovelhas em pastagem diferida.(AU)

Review of the health benefits of habitual consumption of miso soup: focus on the effects on sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate

High salt intake increases blood pressure, and dietary salt intake has been clearly demonstrated to be associated with hypertension incidence. Japanese people consume higher amounts of salt than Westerners. It has been reported that miso soup was one of the major sources of daily salt intake in Japanese people. Adding salt is indispensable to make miso, and therefore, in some cases, refraining from miso soup is recommended to reduce dietary salt intake. However, recent studies using salt-sensitive hypertensive models have revealed that miso lessens the effects of salt on blood pressure. In other word, the intake of miso dose not increase the blood pressure compared to the equivalent intake of salt. In addition, many clinical observational studies have demonstrated the absence of a relationship between the frequency of miso soup intake and blood pressure levels or hypertension incidence. The mechanism of this phenomenon seen in the subjects with miso soup intake has not been fully elucidated yet. However, in basic studies, it was found that the ingredients of miso attenuate sympathetic nerve activity, resulting in lowered blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, this review focused on the differences between the effects of miso intake and those of the equivalent salt intake on sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate.

Association of Soybean Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 to 2011)

BACKGROUND: Soybean food consumption has been considered as a possible way to lower incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) among Asians. However, results from studies investigating its efficacy on CMS in Asians have been inconsistent.METHODS: We analyzed the association between soybean intake frequency and prevalence of CMS based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2011. Data of 9,287 women aged 20 to 64 years were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soybean food consumption frequency. General linear model and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the association of soybean intake quintile with CMS and its risk factors. Least square means of metabolic factors mostly showed no significant relevance except liver indexes.RESULTS: Compared to participants in the 1st quintile (<2 times/week of soybean food), odds ratios (OR) for CMS and abdominal obesity (AO) in the 4th quintile (8.5 times/week<soybean food≤17 times/week) were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90), respectively. After excluding Tofu products, ORs of CMS, AO, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were lower than those without excluding Tofu products. However, results still did not show significant inverse linear trend across frequency quintiles.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that soybean intake of 8.5 to 17 times/week was inversely associated with CMS in Korean women. The relation between soybean intake >17 times/week and CMS varied depending on soybean food items.

Tempeh & soybean seed coat: the alternative sources of trans-resveratrol as neuroprotective agents / Tempeh y cubierta de semillas de soja: fuentes alternativas de trans-resveratrol como agentes neuroprotectores

Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or attack by fungi. The underutilization of soybean seed coat (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) and tempeh, cheap Indonesia fermented food thus opens up a new opportunity for developing a Resveratrol-based medicine for Plants-Derived Neuroprotective Agents purposes. In this study, it was isolated from tempeh, ordinarily well-known as Indonesian soybean fermented food, and soybean seed coat. The finding of this compound was confirmed by TLC and HPLC analysis applying fluorescence detection. From this, the Rf-value for transresveratrol is 0.64. As eluent, a mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (2.5+1+0.1, v/v) was selected. In addition, retention time for tempeh was 14.467 and for soybean seed coat was 11.977. The extraction yield of resveratrol was 65.15 % in tempeh and 55.35 % in soybean seed coat. Resveratrol isolated from Tempeh and Soybean seed coat gave prevents some reaction by modulating intracellular signaling pathways: protein kinase C (PKC), a family of 12 serine/ threonine kinases and providing a new lead molecule for neuroprotective affects in addition to has prevented cell death by apoptosis.

El resveratrol es un estilbenoide, un tipo de fenol natural, y fitoalexina producida por varias plantas en respuesta a una lesión o ataque de hongos. La subutilización de la cubierta de la semilla de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) y el tempeh, alimento fermentado barato de Indonesia, abren una nueva oportunidad para obtener un medicamento a base de resveratrol para propósitos de desarrollo de agentes neuroprotectores derivados de plantas. En este estudio, se aisló el resveratrol del tempeh, generalmente conocido como alimento fermentado de soja de Indonesia y de la cubierta de la semilla de soja. El hallazgo de este compuesto se confirmó mediante análisis de TLC y HPLC aplicando detección de fluorescencia. A partir de esto, el valor de Rf para trans-resveratrol es 0,64. Como eluyente, se seleccionó una mezcla de cloroformo, acetato de etilo y ácido fórmico (2,5 + 1 + 0,1, v / v). Además, el tiempo de retención para el tempeh fue de 14,467 y para el revestimiento de semilla de soja fue de 11,977. El rendimiento de extracción del resveratrol fue del 65,15 % en tempeh y del 55,35 % en la cubierta de la semilla de soja. El resveratrol aislado de tempeh y de la cubierta de la semilla de soja previno reacciones mediante la modulación de ciertas vías de señalización intracelular: proteína quinasa C (PKC), una familia de 12 serina/treonin quinasas, proporcionando una nueva molécula de plomo con efectos neuroprotectores, además de prevenir la muerte celular por apoptosis.

Período de adaptação a dietas com baixa ou alta fibra sobre a digestibilidade e as características fecais em cães / Adaptation period to diets with low or high fiber on digetibility and faecal characteristics in dogs

Objetivou-se avaliar três períodos de adaptação, cinco, 10 e 15 dias, a dietas com baixa ou alta fibra sobre a digestibilidade e características fecais. Foram utilizadas duas dietas, uma contendo 0% de casca de soja (0%CS) e outra com 15% de casca de soja (15%CS), fornecidas a 12 cães adultos. Ao final de cada período, houve coleta total de fezes para avaliação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA), energia metabolizável (EM) e características fecais. Além disso, foi avaliada a palatabilidade das dietas. Como resultado, não houve efeito do período de adaptação sobre a digestibilidade das dietas (P>0,05). A dieta 15%CS apresentou menor CDA da matéria seca (MS) e EM, em relação à dieta 0%CS (P<0,05). A consistência fecal dos cães não diferiu entre as dietas e os períodos (P>0,05). Houve redução no pH e na amônia fecal dos cães alimentados com a dieta 15%CS (P<0,05), após 10 dias de alimentação. Não houve diferença na palatabilidade das dietas (P>0,05). Períodos de adaptação à dieta superiores a cinco dias não alteram a digestibilidade e a maioria das características fecais de cães, exceto a amônia fecal. A inclusão de 15%CS na dieta reduz a digestibilidade da MS e a EM, bem como o pH e a amônia fecal.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate three periods of adaptation, 5, 10 and 15 days, to diets with low or high fiber on digestibility and fecal characteristics. Two diets were used, one containing 0% (0% SH) and one containing 15% soybean hulls (15% SH). Diets were provided to 12 adult dogs. At the end of each period there was total collection of feces to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), metabolizable energy (ME) and fecal characteristics. We also evaluated diet palatability. There was no effect of the adaptation period on digestibility of diets (P> 0.05). The 15% SH diet reduced ADC of dry matter (DM) and ME, compared to the 0% SH diet (P< 0.05). Fecal consistency of the dogs did not differ among diets and periods (P> 0.05). There was a decrease in fecal pH and ammonia in dogs fed the diet with 15% SH (P< 0.05) after 10 days of feeding (P< 0.05). There was no difference in diet palatability (P> 0.05). Diet adaptation longer than 5 days did not alter the digestibility and most fecal characteristics of dogs, except for fecal ammonia. The inclusion of 15% SH in diet reduces DM digestibility and fecal pH and ammonia in dogs.(AU)

Qualidade microbiológica e nutricional de bebida fermentada de soja / Microbiological and nutritional quality of fermented soybean drink

A soja apresenta propriedades benéficas à saúde como a redução dos níveis de colesterol e efeitos protetores contra a obesidade. Os indivíduos intolerantes à lactose podem utilizar produtos como a bebida fermentada de soja como alternativa em substituição ao leite de vaca. Diante deste contexto, este estudo almejou o desenvolvimento de uma bebida fermentada à base de soja adicionada de fibra dietética solúvel como a inulina e saborizada com polpa de goiaba. Os resultados da avaliação microbiológica das formulações estavam de acordo com os parâmetros vigentes na legislação brasileira, denotando que as boas práticas na sua produção estavam adequadas. Na análise de minerais observou-se que os teores de potássio (629mg à 652mg), ferro (1,44mg à 1,56mg) e fósforo (323mg à341,33mg) se apresentaram acima da quantidade presente no leite de vaca. Este produto desenvolvido pode ser uma alternativa saudável e atender à expectativa de consumidores intolerantes à lactose, quanto à saúde e bem-estar.

Substituição da farinha e do óleo de peixe por farinha e óleo de origem vegetal em rações utilizadas na fase de engorda do camarão-branco-do-pacífico Litopenaeus vannamei, em sistemas de bioflocos / Replacement of fishmeal and fish oil with vegetable meal and oil in feedstuffs used in the growing phase of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, in biofloc systems

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da substituição da farinha e do óleo de peixe pelo concentrado proteico de soja e óleo de soja, na sobrevivência, no crescimento e na composição corporal dos camarões (Litopenaeus vannamei) produzidos em sistema de bioflocos (BFT). Foram formuladas cinco dietas, isoproteicas e isoenergéticas, com diferentes níveis de substituição da farinha e do óleo de peixe por concentrado proteico de soja e óleo de soja, sendo os tratamentos designados como: 0% (sem substituição), 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%. As rações foram elaboradas para conter aproximadamente 35% de proteína e 8% de lipídios. O experimento foi conduzido durante 49 dias, com juvenis com peso inicial de 2,93±0,83g, em sistema de bioflocos (BFT). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos até 75% de substituição para as variáveis de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e sobrevivência. O tratamento de 100% de substituição apresentou menor taxa de crescimento específico. O presente resultado sugere que, nas dietas para camarões criados em sistema bioflocos, a farinha e o óleo de peixe possam ser substituídos em até 75% por concentrado proteico de soja e óleo de soja, sem prejudicar o desenvolvimento dos animais.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substitution of fishmeal and fish oil with soy protein concentrate and soybean oil on survival, growth and body composition of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) produced in biofloc system (BFT). Five diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic with different levels of substitution of fishmeal and fish oil with soy protein concentrate and soybean oil. The treatments were named as: 0% (without substitution), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The diets were formulated to contain approximately 35% protein and 8% lipids. The experiment was conducted for 49 days, with juveniles with initial weight of (2.93±0.83g) in a biofloc system (BFT). No significant differences were found between treatments up to 75% of substitution for the variables of weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival. The 100% substitution treatment showed a lower specific growth rate. The present study suggests fish meal and fish oil can be substituted in up to 75% for soy protein concentrate and soybean oil, without harming the development of the shrimps when reared in biofloc system.(AU)

Technical Report: A Cost-Effective, Easily Available Tofu Model for Training Residents in Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Thyroid Nodule Targeting Punctures

OBJECTIVE: To establish a cost-effective and easily available phantom for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tofu, drinking straws filled with coupling gel, a urine tube, and 21-gauge needles were used to generate a phantom thyroid with nodules for training. Twelve radiology residents were involved in the study. The puncture success rates were recorded and compared before and after phantom training using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: On ultrasonography, tofu mimicked the texture of the thyroid. Drinking straws filled with coupling gel mimicked vessels. The urine tube filled with air mimicked the trachea, and 21-gauge needles mimicked small nodules in the transverse section. The entire phantom was similar to the structure of the thyroid and surrounding tissues. The puncture success rates of radiology residents were significantly increased from 34.4 ± 14.2% to 66.7 ± 19.5% after training (p = 0.003). The phantom was constructed in approximately 10 minutes and materials cost less than CNY 10 (approximately $ 1.5) at a local store. CONCLUSION: The tofu model was cost-effective, easily attainable, and effective for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures in vitro.

Development of standards for reducing the sodium content and salinity of Korean fermented soybean sauces and representative Korean foods high in sodium / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop standards for the salinity and sodium content in representative Korean foods high in sodium. METHODS: A total of 600 foods from four seasonings (soy sauce, soybean paste, red pepper paste, and ssamjang) and 16 representative Korean foods high in sodium were collected from 10 households, 10 industry foodservice establishments, and 10 Korean restaurants in 10 cities nationwide and analyzed for their salinity and sodium content. Based on the findings, the standards with a 20% ~ 30% reduced sodium content and salinity from the current level were presented. RESULTS: The suggested standards of salinity (and sodium content per 100 g) were less than 12% (4,500 mg) for soy sauce, 9% (3,500 mg) for soybean paste, 5% (2,000 mg) for red pepper paste, and 6% (2,500 mg) for ssamjang. The reduced standards of salinity for soups were suggested to less than 0.5% for clear soup and 0.7% for soybean paste soup, while for broths, it was 0.6% for clear broth and 0.7% for other broths. The standards of salinity for stews were suggested to less than 0.8% for soybean paste stew, 0.6% for other stews, 0.9% for steamed and stir-fried fish dishes, 1.0% for braised dishes, 4.0% for stir-fried dried fishes, 1.3% for other braised dishes including vegetables, and 1.5% for pickled vegetables and kimchi. CONCLUSION: Standards for the sodium content and salinity were suggested to reduce the sodium level in fermented soybean sauces and representative Korean high sodium dishes by 20% from the current levels. Nevertheless, it will be necessary to adjust the standards properly to reduce the sodium content and salinity further by considering the future status of sodium intake.

Effects of a mobile healthcare service provided by public health centers on practicing of health behaviors and health risk factors

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated whether a mobile health (mHealth) application can instigate healthy behavioral changes and improvements in metabolic disorders in individuals with metabolic abnormalities. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were divided into an mHealth intervention group (IG), which used a mobile app for 24 weeks, and a conventional IG. All mobile apps featured activity monitors, with blood pressure and glucose monitors, and body-composition measuring devices. The two groups were compared after 24 weeks in terms of health-behavior practice rate and changes in the proportion of people with health risks, and health behaviors performed by the IG that contributed to reductions in more than one health risk factor were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Preference for low-sodium diet, reading nutritional facts, having breakfast, and performing moderate physical activity significantly increased in the mHealth IG. Furthermore, the mHealth IG showed a significant increase of eight items in the mini-dietary assessment; particularly, the items “I eat at least two types of vegetables of various colors at every meal” and “I consume dairies, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, every day.” The proportion of people with health risks, with the exception of fasting glucose, significantly decreased in the mHealth IG, while only the proportion of people with at-risk triglycerides and waist circumference of females significantly decreased in the control group. Finally, compared to those who did not show improvements of health risks, those who showed improvements of health risks in the mHealth IG had an odds ratio of 1.61 for moderate to vigorous physical activity, 1.65 for “I do not add more salt or soy sauce in my food,” and 1.77 for “I remove fat in my meat before eating.” CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the additional use of a community-based mHealth service through a mobile application is effective for improving health behaviors and lowering metabolic risks in Koreans.

Development of a Predictive Model and Risk Assessment for the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Ham Rice Balls Mixed with Different Sauces

This study compared the predictive models for the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in ham rice balls. In addition, a semi-quantitative risk assessment of S. aureus on ham rice balls was conducted using FDA-iRISK 4.0. The rice was rounded with chopped ham, which was mixed with mayonnaise (SHM), soy sauce (SHS), or gochujang (SHG), and was contaminated artificially with approximately 2.5 log CFU·g⁻¹ of S. aureus. The inoculated rice balls were then stored at 7℃, 15℃, and 25℃, and the number of viable S. aureus was counted. The lag phases duration (LPD) and maximum specific growth rate (SGR) were calculated using a Baranyi model as a primary model. The growth parameters were analyzed using the polynomial equation as a function of temperature. The LPD values of S. aureus decreased with increasing temperature in SHS and SHG. On the other hand, those in SHM did not show any trend with increasing temperature. The SGR positively correlated with temperature. Equations for LPD and SGR were developed and validated using R² values, which ranged from 0.9929 to 0.9999. In addition, the total DALYs (disability adjusted life years) per year in the ham rice balls with soy sauce and gochujang was greater than mayonnaise. These results could be used to calculate the expected number of illnesses, and set the hazard management method taking the DALY value for public health into account.

Avaliação sensorial e microbiológica de bebida mista de vegetais adicionada de probiótico / Sensory and microbiological evaluation of mixed vegetable drinks with probiotic

Bebidas de origem vegetal vêm sendo estudadas como carreadoras de bactérias probióticas. Neste estudo objetivou-se elaborar duas bebidas mistas probióticas sabor goiaba e beterraba: BMAP (bebida mista à base de extrato de amendoim) e BMSP (à base de extrato de soja), que foram adicionadas de Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Avaliaram-se características sensoriais e microbiológicas das bebidas elaboradas e de uma bebida comercial a base de soja disponível no mercado (BSC). Verificou-se que, após o processamento, as bebidas BMAP, BMSP e a BSC apresentaram escores equivalentes a "gostei ligeiramente" e "gostei muito" para os atributos acidez, cor, sabor, aroma, textura e impressão global, e escores equivalentes a "talvez comprasse, talvez não comprasse" e "provavelmente compraria" na avaliação de intenção de compra, não havendo diferença das bebidas elaboradas para a comercial. Verificaram-se contagens de LGG superiores a 6,8 Log UFC. mL-1 nas bebidas. Todas as amostras estavam de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos exigidos pela legislação brasileira. As bebidas apresentam potencial de mercado e são consideradas um excelente veículo de LGG, além de uma nova opção de bebida funcional, não láctea, acessível à população.(AU)

Vegetable beverages have been studied as carriers of probiotic bacteria. The objective of this study was to elaborate two probiotic mixed beverages from guava and beet: BMAP (mixed beverage based on peanut extract) and BMSP (based on soy extract), which were added of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Beverages from both matrices, without addition of probiotic, were denominated control (BMAC and BMSC). Sensory and microbiological characteristics of the elaborated beverages and a commercially available commercial soybean drink (BSC) were evaluated. It was verified that, after the processing, the BMAP, BMSP and BSC beverages presented "slightly liked" and "liked" scores for the attributes of acidity, color, flavor, aroma, texture and overall impression, and " maybe buy, maybe not buy "and" would probably buy "in the evaluation of the intention to buy, there being no difference of the beverages from to the commercial. LGG counts were above 6.8 Log UFC.mL-1 in the beverages. All samples were in accordance with the microbiological standards required by Brazilian legislation. The beverages present market potential and are considered a excellent vehicle of LGG and a new functional beverage option, not dairy, accessible to the population.

Consenso Brasileiro sobre Alergia Alimentar: 2018 - Parte 2 - Diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção. Documento conjunto elaborado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria e Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia / Brazilian Consensus on Food Allergy: 2018 - Part 2 - Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Joint position paper of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics and the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology

Na última década o conhecimento sobre a etiopatogenia da alergia alimentar (AA) avançou muito. A identificação de novas formas clínicas de apresentação, aliada à aquisição de novos métodos laboratoriais, possibilitaram a realização do diagnóstico etiológico de modo mais preciso, sobretudo quanto à reatividade cruzada entre alimentos e mesmo na identificação de marcadores indicativos de formas clínicas transitórias, persistentes e quadros mais graves. A padronização dos testes de provocação oral permitiu a sua realização de forma mais segura e possibilitou a sua inclusão entre as ferramentas disponíveis para uso na confirmação etiológica da AA. Apesar disso, a exclusão do alimento responsável pelas manifestações clínicas continua sendo a principal conduta terapêutica a ser empregada. Entre os pacientes alérgicos às proteínas do leite de vaca, a disponibilidade de fórmulas especiais, por exemplo parcialmente hidrolisadas, extensamente hidrolisadas à base da proteína do leite de vaca e fórmulas de aminoácidos, tem facilitado o tratamento substitutivo do leite de vaca para esses pacientes. A abordagem atual da anafilaxia é revisada, uma vez que os alimentos são os principais agentes etiológicos em crianças. Avanços na conduta de algumas manifestações gastrintestinais também são abordados. Na atualidade, a imunoterapia oral tem sido cada vez mais utilizada. A aquisição de novos agentes, os imunobiológicos, também são apresentados à luz das evidências científicas e clínicas atuais. Considerações sobre história natural da AA, assim como sobre formas de prevenção da AA também são abordadas. Em conclusão, o Consenso Brasileiro sobre Alergia Alimentar de 2018 objetivou rever os métodos diagnósticos e esquemas de tratamento disponíveis e empregados no acompanhamento de pacientes com AA, visando a melhor abordagem terapêutica desses pacientes.

Over the last decade, knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of food allergy (FA) has advanced a great deal. The identification of new clinical presentations, associated with the acquisition of new laboratory methods, have made the diagnostic process more accurate, especially with regard to cross-reactivity between foods and the identification of biomarkers suggestive of transitory, persistent clinical forms and/or more severe manifestations. The standardization of oral provocation tests has made their performance safer and has allowed their inclusion among the tools available for use in the etiological confirmation of FA. Despite this, exclusion of the food involved in the clinical manifestations remains as the main therapeutic strategy. Among patients allergic to cow's milk proteins, the availability of special formulas, e.g., partially hydrolyzed and extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein-based formulas, in addition to amino acid formulas, has facilitated the introduction of substitute formulas for these patients. The current approach to anaphylaxis is reviewed, since food is the major etiological agent in children. Advances in the management of some gastrointestinal manifestations are also addressed. Currently, oral immunotherapy has been increasingly used. The acquisition of new agents, namely, immunobiological agents, is also described in light of current scientific and clinical evidence. Considerations on the natural history of FA, as well as on ways how to prevent FA, are addressed. In conclusion, the 2018 Brazilian Consensus on Food Allergy aimed to review the diagnostic methods and treatment schemes available and used in the follow-up of patients with FA, with a view to adopting the best possible therapeutic approach to these patients.

Analysis of Iodine Content in Salts and Korean Sauces for Low-Iodine Diet Education in Korean Patients with Thyroid Cancer Preparing for Radioiodine Therapy / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: A low-iodine diet is necessary in patients about to undergo radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer to decrease the competitive absorption of ingested nonradioactive iodine. This study aimed to assess the iodine concentrations in salts and basic Korean sauces, and to provide fundamental data for guidelines on a low-iodine diet before radioiodine therapy.METHODS: The iodine contents of refined salts, solar sea salts, fish sauces, and commonly used Korean sauces with added refined salt were determined by ICP-MS.RESULTS: The iodine content of refined salts was found to be very low (0.033 ± 0.05 µg/100 g) compared with that of solar sea salts (434 ± 73.6 µg/100 g). The iodine contents of Korean soy sauce, Korean soybean paste, Gochujang seasoned with refined salt were also very low (0.010, 0.044, 0.002 µg/100 g, respectively). However, the mean iodine contents of the shrimp and fish Jeots analyzed in this study were found to be 41.3 ± 4.2 and 24.8 ± 4.5 µg/100 g, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate the iodine contents of the salts and basic sauces used in Korea. The results show that refined salts and Korean traditional sauces seasoned with them can be safely used in low-iodine diets before radioiodine therapy.

Presença de alérgenos e aditivos alimentares em chocolate branco / Presence of allergens and food additives in white chocolate

No Brasil, chocolate branco é o produto obtido a partir da mistura de manteiga de cacau com outros ingredientes, alguns dos quais podem desencadear reações, sendo denominadas alergênicos. Entre os alergênicos alimentares mais comuns estão a proteína do leite, proteína do ovo, essências, traços de frutas oleaginosas, soja e aditivos alimentares, como corantes e conservantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de componentes potencialmente alergênicos em diferentes marcas de chocolate branco comercializadas na cidade de Caxias do Sul. Foram adquiridas 12 marcas de chocolate branco no comércio de Caxias do Sul. Os critérios para aquisição das marcas foram: ser chocolate branco puro, em embalagens com peso de 40g a 150g, estando dentro do período de validade. Foram analisados os ingredientes de cada marca com o intuito de identificar os aditivos alimentares e os alérgenos potenciais. O estudo mostrou que, das 12 marcas de chocolate branco, 58,33% apresentaram soja, 66,66% glúten e 75% apresentaram algum traço alergênico de contaminantes da produção. Nenhuma marca apresentou ingrediente transgênico ou glutamato monossódico. Os principais elementos traços encontrados foram amendoim, nozes, amêndoas, avelã, castanhas de caju e do Brasil, macadâmia, coco, ovos, pistache, cevada, trigo, derivados de soja e de leite. Percebe-se a importância da observação e leitura atenta dos rótulo de chocolates antes do consumo, especialmente por indivíduos que apresentam sensibilidade a componentes alimentares, pois mesmo os chocolates puros apresentam substâncias capazes de desencadear complicações graves ao sistema imunológico.(AU)

Os efeitos do farelo de aveia e da farinha de soja na resposta imune humoral de ratos alimentados com dieta hipercolesterolêmica / The effects of oat bran and soy flour on humoral immune response in rats fed hypercholesterolaemic diets

Estudos anteriores têm demonstrado os efeitos sobre o sistema imune e sobre os níveis de colesterol da dieta com fibra solúvel e proteína de soja em ratos. Nesse estudo, nós avaliamos os efeitos do farelo de aveia e da farinha de soja na resposta imune humoral de ratos Wistar tratados com dietas hipercolesterolêmicas. Os animais (6 grupos) foram alimentados com diferentes dietas por 6 semanas e inoculados duas vezes com antígeno (IgY). As amostras de plasma foram coletadas após cada inoculação e os níveis de anticorpos anti-IgY (IgM, IgG1 e IgG2a) foram avaliados por ELISA. Os animais que receberam 1% de colesterol apresentaram um aumento de IgG1 anti-IgY e uma redução de IgM e IgG2a anti-IgY em relação aos animais controle. Estes efeitos foram anulados em animais alimentados com 1% de colesterol e farelo de aveia ou aveia + proteína de soja, mas não em animais alimentados com 1% de colesterol e proteína de soja. As dietas contendo 1% de colesterol resultaram em lesões hepáticas e aumentaram o peso relativo do fígado e do baço, mas não afetaram o perfil lipídico, o ganho de peso e o consumo de alimentos ou eficiência na conversão alimentar. Em conclusão, uma dieta com alto teor de colesterol influencia na produção de classes de anticorpos em resposta a um antígeno de forma que pode ser revertida pelo farelo de aveia.

Previous studies have demonstrated the immunological and hypercholesterolaemic effects of soluble dietary fibre and soy protein in rats. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oat bran and soy flour on humoral immune response in Wistar rats fed hypercholesterolaemic diets. Animals (6 groups) fed with different diets for 6 wks were inoculated twice with antigen (IgY). Plasma samples were collected after each inoculation and anti-IgY antibody (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2a) levels were evaluated by ELISA. Animals receiving 1% cholesterol presented an increase in anti-IgY IgG1 and a reduction in anti-IgY IgM and IgG2a relative to control animals. These effects were abrogated in animals fed 1% cholesterol and oat bran or oat bran+soy protein, but not in animals fed 1% cholesterol and soy protein. Diets containing 1% cholesterol resulted in hepatic lesions and higher liver and spleen relative weights, but did not affect lipid profile, weight gain, food intake, or food conversion efficiency. In conclusion, a high-cholesterol diet influences classes of antibodies produced in response to an antigen in a way that can be reversed by oat bran

Aceptabilidad de un atole fortificado con 21 micronutrientes e impacto en la salud y nutrición de niños menores de 6 años de edad en la ciudad de guatemala / Acceptability of a 21 micronutrient-fortified atole and its impact on health and nutrition in children under 6 years of age from guatemala city

Con el objetivo de reducir la desnutrición crónica de niños que asisten 6 jardines infantiles en la Ciudad de Guatemala, se utilizó una bebida a base de soya y maíz como vehículo para el aporte de 21 micronutrientes con niveles elevados de hierro (12mg) y zinc (9mg) y se ofreció a 747 niños entre los 6 meses y 6 años. Se realizó seguimiento antropométrico cada 3m, Hb cada 6m y se registró el número de episodios de enfermedad diarreica aguda e infección respiratoria aguda a lo largo de la intervención. Un ANOVA longitudinal de medidas repetidas demostró que la media de la Hb mejoró de manera significativa a los 6 y 12m de recibir la bebida fortificada (11,26, 11,64, y 11,89g/dL, respectivamente), p<0,01; la prevalencia de anemia disminuyó 44,2% después de 12m, p<0,01; la media del puntaje z de talla para la edad también mejoró, -1,25 (0m) y -1,07 (12m), p<0.01; la prevalencia de retardo del crecimiento disminuyó 25% a los 12m. Se observó una disminución significativa en la prevalencia de infección respiratoria aguda y no se observaron cambios en la prevalencia de diarrea. Un estudio de aceptabilidad demostró que los niños consumen más del 98% del producto. Los resultados sugieren que la intervención con el atole fortificado mejora el estado nutricional y de salud de los niños. El producto es aceptado por los niños y el personal de los jardines infantiles(AU)

With the aim to reduce chronic undernutrition in children that attended 6 Guatemala City daycare centers, a corn and soy-based beverage was used as a vehicle to provide 21 micronutrients and high concentrations of iron (12mg) and zinc (9 mg) and was provided to747 children aged 6 to 72 months. Children were followed for anthropometry every 3m, hemoglobin every 6m, and episodes of acute diarrhea and respiratory tract infections were registered throughout the intervention. A longitudinal Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that mean hemoglobin significantly improved at 6 and 12m of receiving the beverage (11.26, 11.64, and 11.89g/dL, respectively), p<0.01; the prevalence of anemia decreased by 44.2% after 12m, p<0.01; mean height-for-age z score improved from -1.25 (0m) to -1.07 (12m), p<0.01; the prevalence of stunting decreased by 25% after 12m. A significant decrease in the prevalence of acute respiratory infection was observed. No changes were observed in the prevalence of diarrhea. Moreover, an acceptability study showed that children consumed more than 98% of the atole. These results suggest that this nutrition intervention with the fortified atole improves the health and nutritional status of children. The product is widely accepted by the children and staff at the nurseries(AU)